He claimed that on 28 April he convened a "war tribunal" in Dongo comprising Lampredi, Bellini delle Stelle, Michele Moretti and Lazzaro with himself as president. The identity of the triggerman remains a point of contention, but it was likely communist partisan commander Walter Audisio. [1] However, since the end of the war, the circumstances of Mussolini's death, and the identity of his killer, have been subjects of continuing confusion, dispute and controversy in Italy. The film depicts the downfall of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.1 1 Plot summary 2 Cast 3 Bibliography 4 References 5 External links In 1945, Benito Mussolini … I said I could not shoot Petacci, so John said he would shoot her himself, while making it quite clear that Mussolini however, had to be killed by an Italian. Movie footage of what happened appears to confirm that to be the case. “Il Duce” allied himself with fellow fascist Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in World War II, but his outdated Italian military was badly outclassed. On Easter Sunday 1946, Mussolini's body was located and dug up by a young fascist, Domenico Leccisi, and two friends. On the evening of Mussolini's capture, Sandro Pertini, the Socialist partisan leader in northern Italy, announced on Radio Milano: The head of this association of delinquents, Mussolini, while yellow with rancour and fear and trying to cross the Swiss frontier, has been arrested. Mussolini on April 28, 1945, 75 years ago, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and his girlfriend Clarita were killed. Films similar to or like Last Days of Mussolini. The Italian dictator’s final days and his body’s strange journey in the years after. Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce: Moseley, Ray: Amazon.com.au: Books. Now, the familiarity of his distinctive shaved head and granite jaw, even in disguise, did him in. [30][31][32], It was largely confirmed by an account provided by Aldo Lampredi[33] and the "classical" narrative of the story was set out in books written in the 1960s by Bellini delle Stelle and Urbano Lazzaro, and the journalist Franco Bandini. Share. [59], On the afternoon of 29 April, Adolf Hitler learned of Mussolini’s execution, although it is unknown how much of the detail was communicated to him. [42][43], Differences also exist with the account given by others involved, including Lazzaro and Bellini delle Stelle. Cart All. Now, as the sun rose on the “Square of the Fifteen Martyrs,” residents of Milan had the chance to do the same thing, only this time for real. WELCOME; ABOUT US. The generally accepted version of events is that Mussolini was shot by Walter Audisio, a communist partisan who used the nom de guerreof "Colonel Valerio". The film depicts the downfall of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Two Franciscan friars were charged with assisting Leccisi to hide the body. He would deserve to be killed like a mangy dog.[27]. [35][37], In the afternoon, he, with other partisans, including Aldo Lampredi and Michele Moretti, drove to the De Maria family's farmhouse to collect Mussolini and Petacci. In it, Lampredi confirmed the key facts of Audisio's story but without the embellishments. In a desperate attempt to avoid capture, he tries to flee the country with his lover Claretta Petacci, but Italian partisans are on their tail. By this point, Mussolini’s badly beaten body was barely recognizable, but a U.S. Army photographer still staged the bodies of the former dictator and his mistress in each other’s arms in a macabre pose. Last Days of Mussolini (Italian: Mussolini: Ultimo atto) is a 1974 Italian historical drama film co-written and directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. He also came from Predappio and knew Mussolini's widow, Rachele, well. S eventy years ago on this day, April 28, 1945, the fascist dictator Benito Mussolini was executed after a failed attempt to flee Italy with his mistress. According to the latter, when he met Audisio in Dongo, Audisio asked for a list of the fascist prisoners that had been captured the previous day and marked Mussolini's and Petacci's names for execution. On 27 April 1945, a group of local communist partisans attacked the convoy in which Mussolini and Petacci were travelling, near the village of Dongo on the north western shore of Lake Como and forced it to halt. [74], Outside of Italy, Audisio's version of how Mussolini was executed has largely been accepted and is uncontroversial. Paperback. Hardcover. Top 200 of all time 150 Essential Comedies. [4] By 1944, the "Salò Republic", as it came to be called, was threatened not only by the Allies advancing from the south but also internally by Italian anti-fascist partisans, in a brutal conflict that was to become known as the Italian civil war. However, since the end of the war, the circumstances of Mussolini's death, an… Audisio said he read out a sentence of death, whereas Lampredi omitted this. [20][85] Journalist Peter Tompkins claimed to have established that "John" was Robert Maccarrone, a British SOE agent who had Sicilian ancestry. According to Longo, he did so with the words "go and shoot him". [40] The vehicle pulled up at the entrance of the Villa Belmonte on a narrow road known as via XXIV maggio and Mussolini and Petacci were told to get out and stand by the villa's wall. [68], After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city. [90], Other theories have been published, including allegations that not only Luigi Longo, subsequently leader of the Communist Party in post-war Italy, but also Sandro Pertini, a future President of Italy, carried out the shootings. [67] Ian Kershaw notes that while it is uncertain whether Hitler was told the details of Mussolini’s death: if he did learn of the full gory tale, it could have done no more than confirm his anxiety to take his own life before it was too late, and to prevent his body from being seized by his enemies. In 1940, Mussolini took his country into World War II on the side of Nazi Germany but soon was met with military failure. In 1996, a previously unpublished private account written in 1972 by Aldo Lampredi for the Communist Party's archives, appeared in L'Unità. Sometimes the death of a man has the power to move us, to make us stop what we’re doing, and to contemplate our common humanity and the cruelty of fate. Main Menu. However, to reflect this lack of governmental or judicial authority, sources on the subject have used the term with quotation marks. However, the reason given by those involved in hanging Mussolini and the others in this way was to protect the bodies from the mob. There’s no uncertainty, however, about what happened to Mussolini’s body in the hours after his execution. [46][note 4], During his dictatorship, representations of Mussolini's body—for example pictures of him engaged in physical labour either bare-chested or half-naked—formed a central part of fascist propaganda. Wikipedia. In the afternoon of 25 April,[16] Cardinal Schuster, the Archbishop of Milan, hosted unsuccessful peace negotiations between Mussolini and representatives of the CLNAI at his residence. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. [29], Although several conflicting versions and theories of how Mussolini and Petacci died were put forward after the war, the account of Walter Audisio, or at least its essential components, remains the most credible and is sometimes referred to in Italy as the "official" version. [60][61] On the same day, Hitler recorded in his Last Will and Testament that he intended to choose death rather than "fall into the hands of enemies" and the masses, and becoming "a spectacle arranged by Jews. [35][39][42], There were differences in Lampredi's account and that of Audisio. [7][8] He based himself in the city's Prefecture. This seven hour mini-series is based on the memories of Vittorio Mussolini, the oldest son of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Mussolini stormed out of the palace and fled Milan with his 33-year-old mistress, Clara Petacci, in the 1939 Alfa Romeo sport car he had bought as a gift for his girlfriend. Hello Select your address All Hello, Sign in. By April 25, 1945, Benito Mussolini’s dream of re-creating the … They were then hung upside down from a metal girder above a service station on the square. Mussolini's Death Found Few Mourners. For 20 years, Mussolini had built a cult of personality with his image emblazoned on posters and newspapers. [28], A senior communist in Milan, Luigi Longo, said that the order came from the General Command of the partisan military units "in application of a CLNAI decision". 1975 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. In 1957, however, newly elected prime minister Adone Zoli needed the support of a far-right party and in return for its votes, he delivered the bones of Mussolini to his widow. by Warfare History Network. He also claimed that Mussolini was inadvertently wounded earlier in the day when Petacci tried to grab the gun of one of the partisans, who killed Petacci and Michele Moretti then shot dead Mussolini. Differing accounts exist of who made the decision that Mussolini should be summarily executed. [72], The anniversary of Mussolini's death on 28 April has become one of three dates neo-fascist supporters mark with major rallies. The film opens in 1922 as Mussolini gathers his … Mussolini and his executioner The death of Benito Mussolini the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World scheduled to last 3 days to Hitler s chagrin. [80][87] Commenting on the RAI television documentary in 2004, Christopher Woods, researcher for the official history of the SOE, dismissed these claims saying that "it's just love of conspiracy-making". The convoy included a number of other Italian fascist leaders. By July 1943, the Allied invasion of Sicily and bombing of Rome caused the Italian high command and King Victor Emmanuel III to remove Mussolini from power and place him under house arrest. [44] Urbano Lazzaro later denied that such a tribunal had been convened and said: I was convinced Mussolini deserved death ... but there should have been a trial according to law. [76], In his 1993 book Dongo: half a century of lies, the partisan leader Urbano Lazzaro repeated a claim he had made earlier that Luigi Longo and not Audisio, was "Colonnello Valerio". According to Lonati, he and "John" went to the De Maria farmhouse in the morning of 28 April and killed Mussolini and Petacci at about 11:00 a.m.[81][86] In 2004, the Italian state television channel, RAI, broadcast a documentary, co-produced by Tompkins, in which the theory was put forward. The partisans seized Mussolini and Petacci. The event usually attracts supporters in the thousands and includes speeches, songs and people giving the fascist salute. Cart All. [35][40][41] Audisio then shot them at 4:10 p.m. with a submachine gun borrowed from Moretti, his own gun having jammed. Zoli was reliant on the far right (including Leccisi himself, who was now a neo-fascist party deputy) to support him in Parliament. At other times, however—and we have to be honest about this—it can make us feel contented, perhaps even happy. [35][36] On arrival in Dongo, they met Bellini delle Stelle, who was the local partisan commander, to arrange for Mussolini to be handed over to them. After the war the family of Claretta Petacci began civil and criminal court cases against Walter Audisio for her unlawful killing. Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce: Moseley, Mr Ray: Amazon.sg: Books. Mussolini … The note left behind by the “Democratic Fascist Party” stated they would no longer bear “the cannibal slurs made by human dregs organized in the Communist Party.” The corpse was missing for nearly four months before it was found in August 1946 in a monastery outside Milan. [63] In accordance with Hitler’s prior instructions, his body was immediately burned with gasoline, leaving virtually no remains.[64]. After Mussolini’s arrest in July 1943, jubilant crowds mutilated images of the dictator. [10][11][12] As the German forces retreated, the CLNAI declared a general uprising in the main northern cities. [81], The theory has been criticised for lacking any serious evidence, particularly on the existence of the correspondence with Churchill. Audisio himself did not speak publicly about it until he published his account in a series of five articles in L'Unità later that month (and repeated in a book that Audisio later wrote which was published in 1975, two years after his death). With the final collapse of the German army's Gothic Line in April 1945, total defeat for the Salò Republic and its German protectors was imminent. [34], Before long, it was noted that there were discrepancies between Audisio's original story published in L'Unità, subsequent versions that he provided and the versions of events provided by others. [13][20], By some accounts, on 26 April, Mussolini, now joined by his mistress Claretta Petacci, made several failed attempts to cross the border into Switzerland. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion 1 offer from £180.04. [60] However, Hugh Trevor-Roper believed that this was improbable as it was unlikely that the details would have been reported to Hitler and, in any event, he had already decided on his course of action. The documentary included an interview with Dorina Mazzola who said that her mother had seen the shooting. Journalists, politicians and historians, doubting the veracity of Audisio's account, have put forward a wide variety of theories and speculation as to how Mussolini died and who was responsible. The delegations returned to Belluno via train and after greeting Hitler in the afternoon, Mussolini returned Last Days of Mussolini 176 Ray Moseley, The Last Days of Mussolini … There, eight months earlier, fascists acting under orders from Hitler’s SS publicly displayed the bodies of 15 executed partisans. The bodies were beaten, shot at, and hit with hammers. She also said that she herself had heard the shots and that she "looked at the clock, it was almost 11". Its location was hardly a secret, however, and anti-fascists made regular pilgrimages to the cemetery to desecrate his grave until Mussolini made a resurrection of sorts on Easter Sunday 1946 when Domenico Leccisi and fellow fascists dug up Il Duce’s body, washed it in a nearby fountain and pushed it in a wheelbarrow to a getaway car. The Last Days of Mussolini Quotes. [51], Their bodies were left in a heap, and by 9:00 a.m. a considerable crowd had gathered. In Italian and English, 1974's THE LAST DAYS OF MUSSOLINI depicts the Italian dictator's final days of power. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Last Days of Mussolini (italien: Mussolini: Ultimo atto) est un film dramatique historique italien de 1974co-écrit et réalisé par Carlo Lizzani et avec Rod Steiger, Franco Nero et Lisa Gastoni. In September 1943, Nazi paratroopers staged a daring commando raid that rescued Mussolini from the Apennine Mountain ski resort where he was being detained. Allegedly, it was part of a "cover up" to retrieve "secret agreements" and compromising correspondence between the two men, which Mussolini was carrying when he was captured by partisans. Mussolini had been Italy's fascist leader since 1922, first as prime minister and, following his seizure of dictatorial powers in 1925, with the title Il Duce. There were no objections to any of the proposed executions. Last Days of Mussolini (Italian:Mussolini: Ultimo atto) is a 1975 Italian drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani and starring Rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Lisa Gastoni. "John" took me outside and told me his orders were to eliminate them both, because Petacci knew many things. As the Soviets closed in on Berlin, Hitler received news of Mussolini’s death. The film is noteworthy for its strong performances, particularly from Rod Steiger (as Mussolini), and Henry Fonda (as the … [31], Audisio and Lampredi left Milan for Dongo early on the morning of 28 April to carry out the orders Audisio had been given by Longo. In 1966, the last piece of Mussolini’s body was returned to his widow as the United States handed over a sample of the dictator’s brain that was removed at autopsy and tested inconclusively for syphilis. Valtellina (1,638 words) exact match in snippet view article find links to article Last Days of Mussolini, 176 Ray Moseley, The Last Days of Mussolini, 203 Ray Moseley, The Last Days of Mussolini, 224 Ray Moseley, The Last Days of Mussolini Esterina. His body remained a potent symbol after his death, causing it to be either revered by supporters or treated with contempt and disrespect by opponents, and assuming a broader political significance. Fifteen partisans had been shot there in August 1944 in retaliation for partisan attacks and Allied bombing raids, and their bodies had then been left on public display. Entered into the main competition at the 20th Venice International Film Festival, in which Carla Gravina received … The extraordinary story of Italy's last Queen, who plotted against Mussolini, wanted to shoot Hitler and only reigned for 35 days, is to be … 4.0 out of 5 stars 48. The partisans, led by Pier Luigi Bellini delle Stelle and Urbano Lazzaro, recognised one of the fascists, but not Mussolini at this stage. On 25 April he fled Milan, where he had been based, and tried to escape to the Swiss border. [22] In Dongo, Mussolini was reunited with Petacci, who had requested to join him, at about 2:30 a.m. on 28 April. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! In his last days, Mussolini, the tyrant, was in the grip of anger, shame, and depression. Hello Select your address All Hello, Sign in. All Rights Reserved. Duce's staff and … Directed by Carlo Lizzani. Cart All. Eventually Mussolini was discovered slumped in one of the convoy vehicles. [25], Fighting was still going on in the area around Dongo. ", "Mussolini's brain 'stolen for sale on eBay, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Benito_Mussolini&oldid=1023595477, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 May 2021, at 07:38. searching for Last Days of Mussolini 2 found (28 total) alternate case: last Days of Mussolini. Mussolini’s body, meanwhile, was buried in an unmarked grave in a Milan cemetery. [28] Longo subsequently gave a different story: he said that when he and Fermo Solari, a member of the Action Party (which was part of the CLNAI), heard the news of Mussolini's capture they immediately agreed that he should be summarily executed and Longo gave the order for it to be carried out. I read utter exhaustion, but not fear ... Mussolini seemed completely lacking in will, spiritually dead. He and his mistress, Claretta Petacci, were captured on 27 April by local partisans near the village of Dongo on Lake Como. These have included Luigi Longo and Sandro Pertini who subsequently became general secretary of the Italian Communist Party and President of Italy respectively. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}45°58′53″N 9°12′13″E / 45.98126°N 9.2035°E / 45.98126; 9.2035 [20], In any event, Longo instructed a communist partisan of the General Command, Walter Audisio, to go immediately to Dongo to carry out the order. [13] It also issued a decree establishing popular courts, which included in its provisions what, in practice, would constitute a death sentence for Mussolini:[14]. [22] Lazzaro later said that: His face was like wax and his stare glassy, but somehow blind. Skip to main content.com.au. [20][1] At least 12 different individuals have been identified at various times as being responsible for carrying out the shooting. In front of the tomb is a register for visitors paying their respects to sign. For all these reasons it was seen as significant that he largely confirmed Audisio's account. The death of Benito Mussolini, the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World War II in Europe, when he was summarily executed by an Italian partisan in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. This tense, intriguing historical drama tracks Mussolini's actions as he finds himself hunted by Hitler, the allies, and the Italian government. After a lengthy legal process, an investigating judge eventually closed the case in 1967 and acquitted Audisio of murder and embezzlement on the ground that the actions complained of occurred as an act of war against the Germans and the fascists during a period of enemy occupation. [8] Over the following week, with the military situation deteriorating, Mussolini vacillated between a number of options including making a last stand in the Alpine region of the Valtellina (the so-called Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano plan), fleeing to Switzerland, or attempting to negotiate a peaceful handover to the partisan leadership, the CLNAI,[note 2] or to the Allies. We want this, even though we think an execution platoon is too much of an honour for this man. Rod Steiger plays Mussolini, held captive by the rapidly retreating German troops but still not safe from Italian vendettas. Hitler installed Mussolini as the figurehead of the Social Republic of Italy (known informally as the Republic of Salo), a Nazi puppet state in German-occupied northern Italy. Initially, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave but, in 1946, his body was dug up and stolen by fascist supporters. Lonati was interviewed for the documentary and claimed that when he arrived at the farmhouse: Petacci was sitting on the bed and Mussolini was standing. Mussolini and Petacci were executed the following afternoon, two days before Adolf Hitler's suicide. Mussolini donned a German Luftwaffe helmet and overcoat, but the disguise did little to save him when partisans stopped the convoy at the lakeside town of Dongo on April 27. April 28, 2020. By April 25, 1945, however, the Third Reich was quickly losing its grip on northern Italy. Lampredi said that Mussolini's last words were "aim at my heart". On arriving in the city in the early hours of 29 April, they were dumped on the ground in the Piazzale Loreto, a suburban square near the main railway station. Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce Ray Moseley. He also came from Predappio and knew Mussolini 's widow, Rachele, well been with... Fell to the Red Army large sélection de DVD & Blu-ray neufs ou d'occasion account probably. Its whereabouts secret for more than a decade a considerable crowd had.... Government 's authority or approval that her mother had seen the shooting dog [! To reflect this lack of governmental or judicial authority, sources on the existence of the dictator... At the clock, it was almost 11 '' secret, even from 's. Fearing that the Nazis had begun negotiations for an unconditional surrender dépeint la chute du dictateur italien Benito.! Mutilated images of the convoy included a number of other Italian fascist leaders spitting upon it image emblazoned posters! And two friends most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you rod Steiger, Franco Nero and Gastoni. But soon was met with military failure as he is '', nevertheless any of correspondence... Leccisi to hide the body was kept a secret, even in disguise, did him.... The many ridiculous versions put about in these years were true... the truth is now unmistakably clear.... Sélection de DVD & Blu-ray neufs ou d'occasion family of Claretta Petacci, were captured on 27 April by partisans. Execution prior to or during the execution prior to or like Last Days of 's! The shooting Networks, LLC suicide in Berlin, Hitler committed suicide with cyanide capsules and she!, did him in the dictator like Last Days, Mussolini, prime! The Third Reich was quickly losing its grip on northern Italy similar or. Visitors paying Their respects to Sign 36 ] Audisio used the term with quotation marks as Mussolini family. 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