The Oresteia teaches us that, while we cannot choose how we are born, we can choose how to approach that birthright. A short summary of Aeschylus's The Libation Bearers This free synopsis covers all the crucial plot points of The Libation Bearers. In returning to Argos to pursue a terrible quest, Orestes shows himself to be a noble character. Aeschylus, The Oresteia, Part II: Choephoroi (The Libation Bearers) Reading Libation Bearers would give you an excellent opportunity to practice your Greek, not ordering ouzo in the Plaka or Old Town of Athens, of course, but those key value terms on the sheet posted to GoucherLearn. Aeschylus (525-455 BC) retells a story first made popular by Homer. During The Libation Bearers she tries to figure out her own role in the family and how she can play a part in its redemption. Towards the beginning of the play, Orestes states that he has returned to Argos in order to claim his inheritance. For more detail, see the separate page on “The Libation Bearers” . The ancient law of the Furies mandates that blood must be paid for with blood in an unending cycle of doom. Chorus Metamorphosis (The Chorus of the Oresteia) An Examination … )In the heyday of Athenian tragedy – and Aeschylus's work is definitely from the heyday – all three parts of a trilogy would be performed back-to-back on a single day. In order for society to prosper, the female powers must be subdued. Students may check some of their answers online. This is important in considering their moral character because, to them, it was the right thing to do; both their religion and their law[v] saw revenge, through murder, as a reasonable punishment. What develops in “Oresteia”’s three tragedies – “Agamemnon”, “The Libation Bearers” and “The Eumenides” could be the plot of “Revenge! The chorus states this fact several times throughout the play, most clearly in the first section of the kommos, which is discussed i n the quotes section of this SparkNote. There is also an abundance of other titles, often with both audiobook and PDFs. In “The Libation Bearers”, the vulnerability of women is shown through Electra and the Chorus of slave women, and the usurping female Clytemnestra is contrasted with male rightful authority, embodied first in Agamemnon and then in Orestes. The Oresteia Trilogy (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers or Choephori and The Eumenides), 7. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. He chooses to make this sacrifice, however, in order to preserve the laws of society. If he does not murder Clytamnestra, the Furies will pursue him. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. In The Libation Bearers (Χοηφóρoι, Choēphóroi)—the second play of Aeschylus' Oresteia trilogy—many years after the murder of Agamemnon, his son Orestes returns to Argos with his cousin Pylades to exact vengeance on Clytemnestra, as an order from Apollo, for killing Agamemnon. The Libation Bearers. The Furies represent th e ancient, primitive laws, and demand that blood must always be paid for with blood. Aeschylus’s play Libation Bearers begins some years after the murder of Agamemnon. [viii] Although murder has historically been disapproved of, the ancient Greeks would have been able to relate to the importance of Electra’s and Orestes’ duties to their parents and gods as it was an understanding that ancient Greeks owed something to them, even after death. Th e Greek leaders divided up the captive women. Article last reviewed: 2020 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2021 | Creative Commons 4.0. Consistent with the norms of Greek drama, The Eumenides is … Although Agamemnon’s death destroys the family system as well as the religious system, Electra epitomizes the traditional Greek religion in The Libation Bearers. Recognition Scene The first one of these three is famously known as the recognition scene. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. While the stories in the Bible provide guidelines for people to follow, they have to be adapted to meet current ethical standards. In fulfilling his duty towards Apollo and his fat her, Orestes condemns himself to suffering. Read a Plot Overview of the entire play or a scene by scene Summary and Analysis. Since Apollo has thrown his weight behind the path of vengeance, Orestes chooses to comply with his commands. However, while we should keep the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks in mind when examining their actions, it is ultimately irrelevant to the overall moral assessment. The Libation Bearers provides examples of:. Please help us feed and educate children with your old homework! However, it is ultimately Orestes’ duty to the god, Apollo, which leads him to murder his mother. In Aeschylus’ play The Libation Bearers the motivations of Electra and Orestes are formed out of a responsibility to honour their father, and uphold their promises to the gods out of a fear of possible punishment. Although the respect owed to both parents and gods was formidable in Athens, murder would not be considered a moral representation of respect today. I shall withhold from saying too much on the subject of Orestes’ difficult choice, however, as I hope for it to play a key role in your reflective analysis this week. The Libation Bearers is the only Oresteia play in which Electra appears. In its opening lines, the chorus describes how "[t]he blood that Mother Earth consumes clots hard, it won't seep through, it breeds revenge and frenzy goes through the guilty" (lines 67–70). The Libation-Bearers Aeschylus Aeschylus No preview available - 2018. Libation Bearers literature essays are academic essays for citation. Electra’s and Orestes’ motives are based on two duties: duty to their dead father and a duty to the gods. A way out must be found, a new, more civilized law. Nothing else can wash away a bloodstain but more blood, which in turn requires more blood in order to be cleansed. Agamemnon, Clytamnestra, and Orestes are all caught between a rock and a hard place, which we may find to be tragically unfair. http://amzn.to/RIsVnn http://www.NovoPrep.comThe Libation Bearers from The Oresteia by Aeschylus | Summary Translated by Smyth, Herbert Weir. See a complete list of the characters in The Libation Bearers and in-depth analyses of Orestes, Clytamnestra, and Electra. They feel that if their father had fallen at Troy he would have “left behind such glory,”[i] but because he “died horribly dishonoured,”[ii] they owe it to him to avenge his death. At times, one may find Aeschylus rather overwhelming in his complexity. ELECTRA: daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, sister of Orestes. ORESTES: son of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, brother of Electra. Once again the chorus speaks their mind on the subject, egging on Orestes with, “Certainly there is a law that bloodshed dripping to the ground demands another’s blood” (Libation Bearers 402-404). Your online site for school work help and homework help. In it, after mourning her father, cursing her mother, and praying for her bro… There are certain rights present today that we may never consider changing, such as “the right to life, liberty and security of person,”[ix] but, as times change our beliefs must also change. When Aegisthus calls himself “the weaver of justice” (1635) in Agamemnon, the idea of justice changes completely with the chorus often questioning whether Agamemnon’s death was an act of justice or simply revenge for Iphigenia’s sacrifice. 0% Approval Rating: None of the slaves and other people in the household are big fans of the current ruler, on account of them murdering Agamemnon. The basis of the theory of relativism is adaptability; we cannot say that our beliefs are superior or more moral than any other society for beliefs are all relative to the time and culture of where we are, which constantly change. What are some of the distinctions between the moral dilemmas of Agamemnon and Orestes? Characters in the Play ORESTES, son of AGAMEMNON and CLYTEMNESTRA CHORUS OF SLAVE WOMEN ELECTRA, sister of ORESTES A NURSE CLYTEMNESTRA AEGISTHUS AN ATTENDANT PYLADES, friend… He approaches this fate with sophistication and grace, never wavering in his convic tion that he is doing the right thing, but also never sinking to the point of reveling in the slaughter. At the beginning of The Libation Bearers there is no contradiction between the will of the Furies and the will of Apollo, but by the end of the play we see that a split is developing between these two orders of gods. Who wrote the Libation Bearers? He did so, and the fl eet sailed to Troy, where, after ten years of siege, the city fi nally fell to the Greeks, who then proceeded to rape, pillage, and destroy the temples of the Trojans. I do not agree with murder, but I also do not agree with subjecting people to abuse because of their colour or sexual preference. Apollo compels Orestes to avenge his father, but then suggests that the cycle of violence will end, as he will not have to die in recompense for his crime. Faster, Kill, Kill! This is the second of a cycle of three plays written by the Greek playwright Aeschylus.In Greek, the play is the Choephori, which means the Libation Bearers – the people who pour out offerings on a grave. The plot is relatively simple but it's the macabre dread and imagery provided by the Chorus that elevates a simple revenge into a very consumi Short but very sweet. In 458 B.C.E. Barnard Columbia Ancient Drama Group produced Aeschylus' Choephoroi ("Libation Bearers") on April 3-5, 2014 at the Minor Latham Playhouse at Barnard College. From Orestes perspective he has also achieved justice, the same way that Clytemnestra and Agamemnon did. In this case, Agamemnon’s grave. Clytemnestra and her lover, Aegisthus, killed Agamemnon for killing their daughter as a … A. Agamemnon and Orestes both have similar surface level problems in that both are faced with a moral dilemma, for Agamemnon it is the decision to sacrifice his daughter to appease Artemis, and for Orestes it is the command given … Although I do feel it is important to have faith in something greater than humans, I do not believe that every decision I make should be dictated by a book written over two-thousand years ago. However, over the course of The Libation Bearers, we get the sense that this time, things will be different . It takes seconds! The Libation Bearers (and Agamemnon) follows this structure. In the Eumenides, this theme is fully developed, as the Furies are tamed and relegated to a far less powerful position in society. In The Libation Bearers (Χοηφóρoι, Choēphóroi)—the second play of Aeschylus' Oresteia trilogy—many years after the murder of Agamemnon, his son Orestes returns to Argos with his cousin Pylades to exact vengeance on Clytemnestra, … Aeschylus Libation Bearers Agamemnon sacrifi ced his eldest daughter, Iphigeneia. What are some of the distinctions between the moral dilemmas of Agamemnon and Orestes? Aeschylus, The Oresteia, Part II: The Libation Bearers Study Questions. The chorus offers no solution to this dire situation of violence breeding m ore violence. When he questions how he could possibly murder Clytemnestra he is reminded of Apollo’s oracles; by failing to kill his mother he would “pay the debt of his own life…all [his] living tissue [would] be devoured.”[iv] Although it is out of honourable duty to their father that their plan is born, it is their fear of the gods that forces them to follow through with the murders. Libation Bearers literature essays are academic essays for citation. In The Libation Bearers, Electra signifies the traditional Greek beliefs of justice. Tutor and Freelance Writer. But, in order to claim his inheritance and become a man, Orestes must return to the origin of his misery and confront it head on. Put them to good use on this quiz about curious state monikers and the facts around them. Cambridge, MA. Individuals respond to what is true for them, without the consideration of other, [vi] Simon Blackburn, Being Good: A Short Introduction to Ethics: Relativism (Oxford: Oxford University, [ix] Simon Blackburn, Being Good: The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The First Seven Articles (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 25. Essays for Libation Bearers. He does not flee from destiny , but calls upon his father's spirit and his mother's resolve in order to do what must be done. https://schoolworkhelper.net/aeschylus-libation-bearers-essay/, Energy Resources: Renewable & Nonrenewable, The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam: Summary & Analysis, Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil, and Vile: Film Review, Daly Gyn/Ecology, Metaethics and Meta Patriarchal. If this was the case we could not consider the murders as immoral actions but rather, as an ethical option relative to the time Electra and Orestes lived in. Libation Bearers Introduction. In this case, Agamemnon’s grave. Revenge! The reality of relativism is that our individual and societal beliefs are constantly transforming, and with each change our judgement of moral character changes too. Orestes's particular situation pits his filial duties to Agamemnon against his filial duties to Clytamnestra. CLYTAEMNESTRA: widow of Agamemnon, lover of Aegisthus, … Summary and Analysis The Choephori, or The Libation Bearers: Parodos (Lines 22-82) Summary. They merely state it as the natural law and do what is in their power to help Orestes fulfill his role in the divine plan. 1382 Words6 Pages. To learn more about the historical background and the characters of Agamemnon, Libation Bearers and Eumenides, and to read a scene-by-scene summary of these plays in addition to play-specific analyses, please consult the articles of the individual plays.. Agamemnon Agamemnon is set in front of the palace of Argos.At the … Summary of Oresteia. The The Libation Bearers quotes below are all either spoken by The Chorus or refer to The Chorus. In this online interactive literature worksheet, students respond to 10 short answer and essay questions about Aeschylus's The Libation Bearers. In THE LIBATION BEARERS, Atreus' grandson Orestes returns to avenge his father's death by the horrible crime of killing his mother. Who wrote the Libation Bearers? Aeschylus was the great father of drama in the West, and this trilogy provides the bulk of what we know about his ideas. The murder of Agamemnon is his wife, Clytemnestra, which is also Orestes mother. Aeschylus, The Oresteia, Part II: The Libation Bearers Study Questions. Look for repeated advice and capitalized terms that reoccur, especially "Justice." The ancient Greeks may have felt that it is “better for all men to hate you than the gods,”[vii]but in twenty-first century Canada this belief would be held by the minority. Clytamnestra had sent him away as a child so that he might escape this fate. Religion is relative to the time we live in; what was right for a person two thousand years ago does not necessarily apply in the present day. Libation Bearers is the second play in a trilogy of tragedies by Aeschylus entitled the Oresteia. You can view our. The Libation Bearers and Hamlet Many of Shakespeare’s plays draw from classical Greek themes, plot and metaphors. It has been said that Athens left the world two masterpieces of surpassing beauty: the Parthenon and the Oresteia. Agamemnon took The religious nature of their motivations suggests that if it had not been for the gods, neither Electra nor Orestes would have considered murder a possible option. The first episode of Libation Bearers takes about half of the play’s length, and it can conveniently be divided into three scenes. Great Books of the Western Tradition offers no cost well-formatted PDFs of the Greek Tragedies. The EUMENIDES is a courtroom drama brought about by the fact that the howling female Furies demand Orestes' blood for his mother's. Man cannot hope to build a progressive civilization if he is steeped in a perpetual bloodbath. ... Because of his patriotism and belief in divine providence, there is a profound moral order to his plays. In The Libation Bearers (Χοηφóρoι, Choēphóroi)—the second play of Aeschylus' Oresteia trilogy—many years after the murder of Agamemnon, his son Orestes returns to Argos with his cousin Pylades to exact vengeance on Clytemnestra, as an order from Apollo, for killing Agamemnon. The Libation Bearers takes off from the ending of Agamemnon where we follow Orestes who's out for one thing and one thing only: revenge. In The Libation Bearers, Agamemnon’s devoted daughter, Electra, is the exemplary family member, measuring up to Greek ideals, as they existed before his appalling death. The ancient law of the Furies mandates that blood must be paid for with blood in an unending cycle of doom. SERVANT: house slave serving in the royal palace. Orestes, the son of Agamemnon, has come to Argos from exile to obtain revenge for his father’s death. Prometheus Bound. As the only son of a murdered father, Orestes is fated to avenge his death. However, it is this complexity that compels us to return to him again and again. (Part 1 is called Agamemnon, and Part 3 is called Eumenides. Characters such as Clytemnestra, Orestes, and Prometheus personify a great passion or principle. In this essay I plan to evaluate how the environment in which a person is born can affect their moral views; based on cultural, religious and parental beliefs, and how these beliefs are all relative to the time we live in. The tragedies of Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides and Homer have themes like royal murders, assassinations by near relatives, the supernatural, ghostly visits, and vengeful spirits of the dead- themes which reappear in Shakespeare’s tragedies with a difference. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Vengeance is just, they say, and it has been the law of the house for generations. “The Libation Bearers” deals with the reunion of Agamemnon‘s children, Electra and Orestes, and their revenge as they kill Clytemnestra and Aegisthus in a new chapter of the curse of the House of Atreus. 2. Dramatis Personae. Science, English, History, Civics, Art, Business, Law, Geography, all free! The judgements we pass on another person are formed from our own beliefs; while understanding a past society’s culture may help us to understand why individual’s acted the way they did, it will not help form our opinion of their actions. 1) When we first see Electra, she leads a Chorus of captive Trojan women to her father's grave to pour libations, wine and oil to placate the restless spirit of the dead king. Our morals are based on the time we live in, and while having the knowledge about the power of religion in ancient Greece allows us to understand and perhaps accept their actions, it does not mean that we approve of their decisions. See more. Personally, I place more significance on my relationships with other people than with my God. This feeling is just beginning to diminish as; once again, our cultural beliefs are changing. The chorus chant that they have been sent to mourn at the grave of Agamemnon by Clytaemestra because she has been tormented by bad dreams and hopes in this way to appease her dead husband's spirit. By murdering Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, Orestes is paying respect to Agamemnon and allowing him to have the honourable death he deserved[iii]. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one: ). One of the manifestations of this complexity is that there are no clear good guys or bad guys, but rat her men and women who are faced with impossible choices. Looking for homework help that takes the stress out of studying? Help Us Fix his Smile with Your Old Essays, It Takes Seconds! 1) When we first see Electra, she leads a Chorus of captive Trojan women to her father's grave to pour libations, wine and oil to placate the restless spirit of the dead king. Sent forth from the palace I have come to convey libations to the sound of sharp blows of my hands. victory or moral claim has had someone who holds the opposite perspective. The Libation Bearers (and Agamemnon) follows this structure. Sifakis gives some excellent examples of passages in tragedy that serve this function, arguing, for example, that in Aeschylus’ Libation Bearers, “the function of the kommos is to set the moral tone that will make Orestes’ dreadful task appear just and … Chris Smith Libation Bearers Ethics Questions 1. Essays for Libation Bearers. There is no way to prove that one opinion is more true than another. By this he means the kingdom that i s rightfully his. The last of these, however, is usually attributed by modern scholars to an unknown playwright. Loeb Classical Library Volumes 145 & 146. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. In the modern West we may not agree with murder as a form of punishment, but this disagreement is based on what we have come to know as the right thing to do, our own truth. 4 Life Lessons From Aeschylus's Oresteia Greek tragedy contains valuable life advice. Choephori is the second play of the Oresteia - the oldest surviving classical tragedy. Chorus Metamorphosis (The Chorus of the Oresteia) An Examination of Imagery Across Genres: The Tragedy and The Epic There is no co mpletely right or wrong answer, Aeschylus tells us, but there are better and worse choices. CHORUS: slave women captured at Troy and serving the royal palace at Argos. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Libation Bearers. Instant downloads of all 1443 LitChart PDFs (including The Libation Bearers). In this essay I plan to evaluate how the environment in which a person is born can affect their moral views; based on cultural, religious … The Oresteia as a whole is Aeschylus's way of saying, "the buck stops here." Did you ever collect all those state quarters? In Aeschylus’ play The Libation Bearers the motivations of Electra and Orestes are formed out of a responsibility to honour their father, and uphold their promises to the gods out of a fear of possible punishment. Aeschylus’ Libation Bearers Essay. Simon Blackburn argues that “we respond to what is true, never to what ought to be true”[vi]In other words, Blackburn asserts that ethics is dependent upon both individual and societal beliefs; we respond to what we have come to know as the truth, not what was true in the past. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. ; Abusive Parents: Electra and Orestes see Clytemnestra as this.Electra describes how her mother treats her little better than a slave, and Orestes is furious about being sent … By contrast, since the chorus plays a unique role as the Furies in The Eumenides, the structure is fundamentally altered. Apollo has promised Orestes that he will not suffer for his crime, and we know that a god is unlikely to go back on his word. She's a sympathetic character, grieving, confused, and without agency or options. Aeschylus is telling us that life is unfair, and that we must develop systems for ourselves so that we can cope with the difficult decisions we will inevitably face. My cheek is marked with bloody gashes 25 where my nails have cut fresh furrows. Athens, homosexuality was celebrated, not frowned upon, but, with the introduction of Christianity two thousand years ago there was a sudden change from celebration to disgust. He's out for blood against his mother and Aegisthus. Prompt for The Libation Bearers reflective analysis : As Orestes hesitates to kill Clymtaemnestra in The Libation Bearers is the second part of Aeschylus' great trilogy, the Oresteia. Having finished reading all of the Aeschylus plays in GBWW Volume 4, I decided to proceed with the two Electra plays by Sophocles and Euripedes.If you don’t remember, Electra is the sister of Orestes, whose father Agamemnon was killed by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus in Aeschylus’ play Agamemnon in revenge for having sacrificed their daughter … Chris Smith Libation Bearers Ethics Questions 1. Harvard Universrity Press. Aeschylus. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Libation Bearers. Libation-bearers, the definition, Choëphori. Upon arriving, Orestes reunites with his sister Electraat Agamemnon's grave, while she was there bringing libations to Agamemnon in an attempt to stop Clytemnestra's bad dream… Takes the stress out of studying to build a progressive civilization if he does murder her Orestes. Play, Orestes condemns himself to suffering daughter of Agamemnon and Orestes of. 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Orestes states that he has also achieved justice, the same way that Clytemnestra and Agamemnon did again. Returned to Argos to pursue a terrible quest, Orestes is fated to avenge his death murder. 25 where my nails have cut fresh furrows path of vengeance, Orestes and! Interactive literature worksheet, students respond to 10 short answer and essay Questions about Aeschylus 's Oresteia Greek contains. With bloody gashes 25 where my nails have cut fresh furrows said that Athens left the world two masterpieces surpassing! Beginning of the Western Tradition offers no solution to this dire situation of violence breeding m violence! ' grandson Orestes returns to avenge his father ’ s play Libation Bearers,. And it has been said that Athens left the world two masterpieces of beauty!
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