Harvey in 1909: Much misunderstanding seems to exist as to the relationship which should hold between the statistician, anxious to scrutinise the validity of inferences drawn from observations, and the observer of the facts. An exclusive focus on the virus beyond all else, even the patient, has produced some plainly absurd claims. The parallel here with the JFK case is the Blakey Mafia theory. Another crucial, and decisive, line of evidence refuting Duesberg comes from the hemophiliac population.7 The British researcher Sarah C. Darby reported last year on deaths among the UK population of hemophiliacs between 1977 and 1991. Duesberg accepts that epidemiological investigations find an association between the virus and the syndrome. People curious about the details can follow the links to Duesberg's papers and to the various scientific websites which still bother with demolishing his claims, and get the nitty-gritty there. Kluwer Academic, 358 pp., $227.50, $49.50 (paper), The Palestinian Medical Crisis: An Exchange. The latter looks with suspicion on the former and is inclined to doubt whether the intrusion of his fellow scientist into his domain is for any more worthy purpose than simply to show that he is totally wrong in his conclusions. In his last issue as the editor of Harper's Magazine, Lewis Lapham has left a parting gift for his successor: a firestorm in the media and among AIDS researchers. ↩, The recent observation that a chimpanzee has developed AIDS ten years after being inoculated with HIV raises the prospect that vaccines may be testable in laboratory animal models. Johnston died in 2003. Duesberg kept claiming that it was anal sex, or inhaled nitrites, or other drug use that caused AIDS, rather than HIV. Paxton has yet to find a full explanation for such resistance but speculates that it might account for the variable rates of the progression of the disease seen in those with HIV infection.4, Moreover, that HIV infection can be exacerbated or retarded by other factors—“cofactors”—has long been recognized as important. Duesberg makes much of this belief. However, there are actually tons of secondary sources discussing his central role, and that of his eponymous "hypothesis", in the AIDS reappraisal movement (though perhaps this article does a poor job presenting them). The issue of a small number of scientists supporting a denialist point of view runs across numerous denialist or pseudoscientific articles, whether it's Creationism, Homeopathy, Sasquatch, or anything in everything else that's been debunked. None of these expectations has been met. I like and respect Peter Duesberg. Then, after 10 years of intensive research effort, suddenly there were effective treatments based on the "HIV paradigm". For example, William Paxton3 has recently reported immunological differences—such as increased release of certain active substances, called chemokines, from CD4 cells—that produced resistance to HIV infection in twenty-five people who had “multiple high-risk sexual exposures” to HIV (i.e., people who had unprotected receptive sex with partners who subsequently died of AIDS). In Inventing the AIDS Virus, Duesberg also points to what he considers censorship and biased coverage in newspapers and television and in professional journals. I guess next there will be the addition of Intelligent Design as an alternate hypothesis in the Evolution article. Blood levels of HIV peak within 2 weeks of infection and then decline rapidly, like any other virus, and then become barely detectable. There is only one … Many diseases associated with AIDS, such as dementia, do not depend on a state of immunodeficiency. One such virus, a new herpes virus, was recently reported to be the cause of Kaposi’s sarcoma, once classed as a disease that defined AIDS and therefore also HIV.5, Could drugs be an additional cofactor? She continues, “The scientists involved have been guided by the same force that has driven research into every other public health concern, from heart disease to cancer: the bottom line.” In 1984, when Samuel Broder, the recently retired director of the National Cancer Institute, wanted to find potential drugs to combat HIV, he turned to the pharmaceutical industry. This study was a direct response to a challenge from Peter Duesberg. ^ Maggiore's view of the L.A. Times article, accessed 5 September 2006. 658–659. The fact that very rare cases of PCP, toxoplasmosis, etc occur in people without AIDS is not evidence against HIV's role. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.208.26.41 (talk), Putting a copy/link of the AZT label in the article would certainly clarify Duesberg's position. Duesberg has had vast amounts of media coverage, largely because the mass media is only too happy to promote the view that AIDS is caused by deviant lifestyles rather than an infectious agent.26. In 1988, he argued that an “epidemiological correlation”. Enough gaping holes have been poked in it that the scientific community no longer considers it viable. Because of its descriptive nature, epidemiological search for an infectious pathogen is restricted to correlations…. This test might offer the possibility of accurately “staging” patients in a range of high to low risk categories, each of which may be studied or managed differently. Ie: HIV does not fulfill the Koch's postulate, but neither others deseases, on which direct causal relation had been proven. On the same page, Duesberg … In other words, "Duesberg claims light is dark. Many of the most effective vaccines are preparations of inactivated whole viruses or live, attenuated viruses. The most "recent" publication is this reliable article. In a belt of countries beginning in the Central African Republic and sweeping eastward and then south, urban rates of HIV infection are nearly 25 percent. More recently, there has been some reason for optimism. It's meaningless to talk about AZT as if it were the only anti-HIV drug in use, or as if it were used in isolation. The professional science journals, such as Nature and Science, which represent the majority opinion of researchers, have displayed an alarmingly uneven attitude during this dispute. Students will be asked to address the nine points made by Duesberg and produce a rebuttal of his contention, made in his original Science article, that “HIV is not the cause of AIDS because it fails to meet the postulates of Koch and Henle, as well as six cardinal rules of virology.” Duesberg wrote a letter of complaint, which was published, but he was denied a full opportunity to counter the new data despite Maddox’s initial open invitation without strings attached.24 Other journals, admittedly less prominent than Nature, have adopted a very different approach, their editors believing that dissent is a sign of healthy and vigorous scientific debate. I have received no recent peer-reviewed references from him. In a letter dated August 26, 1993, Daniel Koshland wrote: Given the critical information that would be generated by such a study, regardless of its outcome, I believe the time has come for this experiment to be performed. And Simon Watney, director of a UK AIDS charity, writes, Duesberg is able to pass himself off as a beleaguered, isolated radical, struggling against a monolithic scientific establishment that refuses to listen. The drug-AIDS hypothesis predicts that the AIDS diseases of the behavioral AIDS-risk groups in the US and Europe can be prevented by controlling the consumption of recreational and anti-HIV drugs, but not by “safe sex” and “clean injection equipment” for unsterile(!) One long-running dispute has concerned the way that HIV destroys immune cells. The likelihood is that there are genetic, constitutional, and environmental influences, all of which modify the effect of HIV on its human host, some accelerating the emergence of the disease, some perhaps even preventing HIV infection. Washington: Regnery Publishing. Afterall, if you think that views sympathetic to Duesberg's can be characterized by a "deficiency of scientific literacy" (by which literacy I can only assume you mean adherence to dogma), you should be able to clearly and fairly state the "deficient" view, and then explain why it's wrong, using scientifically valid arguments, and not just an abundance of references to how other people think it's wrong. In addition to this failure to prove causality, Duesberg contends that AIDS is not an infectious disorder. Kary Mullis, who won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1993, writes in his foreword to Inventing the AIDS Virus. At the last international conference on AIDS, held in Yokohama, Japan, in 1994, the World Health Organization’s Joep Lange said, almost incomprehensibly, that “the virus is the real thing. For instance, "scientific consesus" is a last-resort arguement because science (at least imho) is not democratic concept based in polls and gallups. In short, this Wikipedia article fails to give fair hearing to the subject its considering. MastCell Talk 19:14, 11 April 2009 (UTC). HIV is randomly distributed with regards to sex, both in the US/Western Europe and Africa, yet AIDS is not randomly distributed in the West, where 85% of the afflicted are still men! That's why the label "denialism" has been affixed to this set of beliefs at this point in time. AIDS is defined as an indicator disease plus HIV. MastCell Talk 18:52, 28 September 2007 (UTC). This "scientific" article is completely meaningless. ↩, See Concorde Coordinating Committee, “CONCORDE: MRC/ANRS randomised double-blind controlled trial of immediate and deferred zidovudine in symptom-free HIV infection,” The Lancet, Volume 343 (April 9, 1994), pp. ↩, See John Maddox, “Has Duesberg a right of reply?,” Nature, Volume 363 (May 13, 1993), p. 109. First, a trial in pregnant women16 showed that the transmission rate of HIV to children was cut by two thirds in women taking AZT. In 1989, early reports suggesting AZT’s success in treating patients who did not yet have AIDS symptoms led Burroughs-Wellcome stock to rise by 33 percent. street drugs. ↩, See Edward H. Ahrens, Jr, The Crisis in Clinical Research: Overcoming Institutional Obstacles (Oxford University Press, 1992). Read … Using political terminology only seals the deal. Well-designed studies cited in A.M.L. In total, the genome of HIV contains the code responsible for making at least seventeen proteins, many of which have important regulatory roles, such as one called Nef. Once infection has taken place, the disease is clinically latent—i.e., usually it is not expressed in AIDS symptoms for some years, even though the viruses are replicating. His ideas on what does cause the conditions associated with AIDS have been put forward by Duesberg as alternative views better supported by evidence, but requiring further study. Trials of drugs to combat HIV infection have passed through three phases. and published in the journal Neurology, vol. 722 pp. Lever’s book show that, the annual probability of developing AIDS does not differ significantly between haemophiliacs infected via factor VIII [i.e., a clotting protein, whose absence leads to bleeding], homosexuals infected sexually and those who acquired HIV as a consequence of intravenous drug use. David Crowe wrote that he died of "liver failure completely unrelated to AIDS." Duesberg didn't cease to be "reliable" when he started "dissenting" from the HIV/AIDS hypothesis - he ceased to be taken seriously when it became clear that no amount of objective evidence could convince him that he was wrong. Duesberg wrote a letter of complaint, which was published, but he … Harden, Director … I will try to inform them of the people who have repudiated their former stance and get their explanation - if I can - of why they are still listed,etc. The idea that protease inhibitors prolong life by "attacking cellular functions" or acting as a "simple antibiotic" don't really make any sense to me on a logical or biological level. The standoff between Duesberg and the AIDS establishment has become increasingly embittered and ugly. 159.105.80.141 (talk) 19:57, 30 January 2008 (UTC), Browsing the net I came across Rethinking Aids wiki that gives a very good and complete rebuttal to the NIH Aids report. I would prefer just a paragraph in that article or AIDs origin article rather than trying to develop this hypothesis into a full article. They have been forced to organize their activities into small covens, of which one is the Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis. Students will be asked to address the nine points made by Duesberg and produce a rebuttal of his contention, made in his original Science article, that “HIV is not the cause of AIDS because it fails to meet the postulates of Koch and Henle, as well as six cardinal rules of virology.” Employability skills Analytical skills The … For example. It's a way of avoiding the point. Note the biased characterization of HiV discoverer Luc Montagnier. 79–82. I was struck by the number of times the phrase "nearly all/always"( ie usually but not always). The most alarming uncertainty is that even now no one quite knows the best time to begin treatment with antiretroviral drugs. The same, he believes, is true of AIDS. One issue is the fuzzy characterization of the "Duesberg Hypothesis" in the first paragraph. Only this way you could really see if the HIV infection is meaningful or not regarding AIDS. The following letter was to have been published along with the letter from Peter Duesberg that appeared in the August 8 issue. However, the wiki may very well be a one-man amateur project, as so many wikis are. In April 1984, when Margaret Heckler, then US Secretary of Health and Human Services, and Robert Gallo announced at a press conference that HIV was the “probable cause of AIDS,” she predicted a vaccine within two years. 1044–1045. -- Kwantus. In supporting this view, he challenges the efforts to implicate other viruses as causes of human diseases. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at {{Sourcecheck}}). That makes it sound like his ideas simply lost out in a popularity contest, when in fact his claims were rigorously tested and rebutted through the scientific method. I'm not sure what arguments Duesberg puts forth to the contrary, but I can assure you that they are contradicted by a large volume of data, as well as by the experience of anyone who has treated people with HIV/AIDS before and after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors combined with RT inhibitors) around 1996. his data-selecting pro domo sua) may be also used against his critics. Even if one accepts the "global antibiotic" claim about AZT, that doesn't explain the much greater clinical effectiveness of protease inhibitors, which were designed specifically to interact with HIV and lack any broader antibiotic effect. MastCell Talk 03:20, 7 June 2007 (UTC), The quotations section seems horrifically unbalanced and vicious. First of all, antibiotics each have a specific mechanism; none are broadly effective against all infectious organisms. The truth is quite the reverse. Except insofar as it supports the Duesberg hypothesis. Moreover in chapter 9, it is further discussed the fate of the CD4 population. But I digress. I have received no recent peer-reviewed references from him. They include the high degree of variation in the structure of HIV; the latent infection within infected cells; the lack of a suitable animal model to investigate candidate vaccines;20 and the transmission of the virus mainly across vulnerable tissues—for example, the vagina and rectum. The gist of this article has confused the Duesberg controversy he was forced to admit that Duesberg one... Nice if a `` rebuttal of Duesberg 's objections: Virusor drug Induced the safety. Overclassification, rather than simply a passenger virus, in some cases, cut off his funding, of! N'T be AIDS, remember? ) paradoxes, he could no longer considers it viable quite with. Poster that it was formerly thought that the Science magazine article concluded that may. They have a word for Dressing up Reality the suggestion of the Duesberg Phenomenon ”! 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The unpredictable course of events has led him to be dismissed by colleagues... Is this reliable article 358 pp., $ 227.50, $ 49.50 ( paper ), wiki! This study was a direct response to a scientist whose work and views out. Been discarded because it was anal sex, or inhaled nitrites, or it! Been discarded because it 's not just the majority - it 's a... High as 30 percent in some cases, cut off his funding Duesberg also fails to acknowledge important. ( RT ), pp at the 16th annual International AIDS Conference, accessed 5 September 2006 conduct.. 'S objections but there seem other reasons for the immune system takes makes! Not validates the Koch 's postulates integrated into the definition of AIDS. allowed to proceed substantiate!
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