[162] Since the enactment of the law in 1979, refunds have been issued for seven of the eleven biennia. The First Oregon Cavalry served until June 1865. [168] The Portland area is a mature managed care and two-thirds of Medicare enrollees are in Medicare Advantage plans. Area 98,379 square miles (254,800 square km). Oregon became the 33rd state of the U.S. on February 14, 1859. [124] Because of the abundance of waterways in the state, it is also a major producer of hydroelectric energy. In recorded history, mentions of the land date to as early as the 16th century. In 2015, a total of seven companies headquartered in Oregon landed in the Fortune 1000: Nike, at 106; Precision Castparts Corp. at 302; Lithia Motors at 482; StanCorp Financial Group at 804; Schnitzer Steel Industries at 853; The Greenbrier Companies at 948; and Columbia Sportswear at 982. "Oregon Forest Facts & Figures 2013", p. 12, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (. The Portland metropolitan area, which also includes the city of Vancouver, Washington, to the north, ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,453,168. [200], Projections from the U.S. Census Bureau show Oregon's population increasing to 4,833,918 by 2030, an increase of 41.3% compared to the state's population of 3,421,399 in 2000. Irrigation agriculture is practiced in the Upper Klamath Lake area, and hay is grown with irrigation in a number of other basins and valleys, but most of this region is used by range livestock. [88], Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River, was the first permanent English-speaking settlement west of the Rockies in what is now the United States. It will be filled in the 2022 Congressional Elections. You should steam up the Columbia and hear and feel the waters falling out of the clouds of Mount Hood to understand entirely the full meaning of the name Ouve a água, Oregon.[19]. It is home to three public research universities: The University of Oregon (UO) in Eugene and Oregon State University (OSU) in Corvallis, both classified as research universities with very high research activity, and Portland State University which is classified as a research university with high research activity.[214]. [163] In 2000, Ballot Measure 86 converted the "kicker" law from statute to the Oregon Constitution, and changed some of its provisions. It is possible that the American territory was named by the Spaniards, as there is a stream in Spain called the "Arroyo del Oregón" (which is located in the province of Ciudad Real); it is also possible that the "j" in the Spanish phrase "El Orejón" was later corrupted into a "g",[15] and in context might refer to the 'earful' of the massive Columbia River at its mouth. "The Oregon History Project: Russian Old Believers". 22.6% of the population were under the age of 18; 63.5% were between the ages of 18 and 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older.[176]. [149], Oregon's biennial state budget, $2.6 billion in 2017, comprises General Funds, Federal Funds, Lottery Funds, and Other Funds. [44] The state's western region (west of the Cascade Range) has an oceanic climate, populated by dense evergreen mixed forests. A meeting followed Young's funeral, at which a probate government was proposed. The Oregon Secretary of State works to maximize voter participation, is a watchdog for public spending, makes it easier to do business in Oregon, and preserves and promotes Oregon history. Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859, and as of 2015[update] has more than four million residents.[50]. The Oregon Badlands Wilderness is in this region of the state. The United States District Court for the District of Oregon hears federal cases in the state. Central Oregon's geographical features range from high desert and volcanic rock formations resulting from lava beds. [226] The Timbers repurposed the formerly multi-use stadium into a soccer-specific stadium in fall 2010, increasing the seating in the process. The eastern section, less dissected, is crowned with a chain of volcanic peaks. CORVALLIS, Ore. – The Oregon State University College of Agricultural Sciences has launched an online retail store to sell cheeses, honey and beef jerky made by its students. The Oregon State Parks Information Line remains open at 800-551-6949, Monday - Friday, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Visit our COVID-19 Response Frequently Asked Questions for more information, including our campsite cancellation/refund policy. It is classifiedamong "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" with an additional, optional desig… [114] Oregon has the third largest amount of food stamp users in the nation (21% of the population). [134], In Southern Oregon, the Oregon Shakespeare Festival, held in Ashland, is also a tourist draw, as is the Oregon Vortex and the Wolf Creek Inn State Heritage Site, a historic inn where Jack London wrote his 1913 novel Valley of the Moon.[135]. However, 2007 legislation funded the university system far beyond the governor's requested budget though still capping tuition increases at 3% per year. Oregon lies in two time zones. Not a member? Nehalem tales recount strangers and the discovery of items like chunks of beeswax and a lidded silver vase, likely connected to the 1707 wreck of the San Francisco Xavier.[9]. [228] Portland has had minor-league baseball teams in the past, including the Portland Beavers and Portland Rockies, who played most recently at Providence Park when it was known as PGE Park. [53], By the 16th century, Oregon was home to many Native American groups, including the Chinook, Coquille (Ko-Kwell), Bannock, Chasta, Kalapuya, Klamath, Klickitat, Molalla, Nez Perce, Takelma, Killamuk, Neah-kah-nie, Umatilla, and Umpqua. Phone: (503) 620-0222 Toll-free in Oregon: (800) 452-8260 Facsimile: (503) 684-1366 states. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins. Few stayed permanently such as Étienne Lussier, often referred as the first "European" farmer in the state of Oregon. The demographic and political applications of the terms have led to a temptation to presume this arbitrary classification is a clear-cut and … [221], Until 2011, the only major professional sports team in Oregon was the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association. [218] OSU receives more annual funding for research than all other public higher education institutions in Oregon combined. Columbia River Gorge, Oregon-Washington border. [183] Of the state's total population, 22.6% was under the age 18, and 77.4% were 18 or older. The Wallowa Mountains, east of the La Grande and Baker valleys and near the Idaho border, contain the highest elevations in northeastern Oregon; near Baker City is the highest peak in the Blue Mountains, Rock Creek Butte, which reaches 9,105 feet (2,775 metres) in elevation. There are an estimated 6,000 to 10,000 Muslims in Oregon, most of whom live in and around Portland.[197]. [71] He directed that some 200 Red River Colony settlers be relocated to HBC farms near Fort Vancouver, (the James Sinclair expedition), in an attempt to hold Columbia District. Like Western Europe, Oregon, and the Pacific Northwest in general, is considered warm for its latitude, and the state has far milder winters at a given elevation than comparable latitudes elsewhere in North America, such as the Upper Midwest, Ontario, Quebec and New England. SPECIAL NOTICE: The State Capitol Will Be Closed to the Public Until Further Notice Click here to learn more. 155 Part 1: Proceedings and Debates of the 111th Congress: First Session", "Oregon's Forests: Some Facts and Figures", "Oregon is top timber producer in worst year", "Mammals: Pocket Mice, Kangaroo Rats and Kangaroo Mouse", "Oregon's only moose herd thriving, up to about 60", "Moose enter Oregon, so are grizzlies next? It is the youngest and least eroded of the landform regions of Oregon, but the smoothness of the surface is broken by cinder cones, buttes, and craters; other features include immaturity of erosion and localized interior drainage. [192] Oregon also contains the largest community of Russian Old Believers to be found in the United States. [146] Nike, located in Beaverton, employs roughly 5,000 full-time employees at its 200-acre (81 ha) campus. However, the region's sparse population means the more populous counties in the Willamette Valley usually outweigh the eastern counties in statewide elections. Oregon voters have elected Democratic governors in every election since 1986, most recently electing Kate Brown over Republican Bud Pierce in a 2016 special election for a two-year term, and re-electing her for a full four-year term over Republican Knute Buehler in 2018. It is bounded to the north by Washington, to the east by Idaho, to the south by Nevada and California, and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. [174][175], As of the 2010 census, the population of Oregon was 3,831,074. [70] This government was the first acting public government of the Oregon Country before annexation by the government of the United States. "Yellow/Green ORYGUN Block Letter Outside Decal". Enjoy a Virtual Tour of the Oregon State Capitol Take a tour of the Oregon State Capitol and surrounding areas. There are five regional response hospitals in the state that are coordinating with other hospitals throughout Oregon to monitor staffed bed capacity and work together to ensure patients can access high quality care for COVID-19 and other conditions. Salem is home to two private schools: Willamette University (the state's oldest, established during the provisional period) and Corban University. Mount Ashland, which reaches 7,532 feet (2,296 metres), is the tallest peak in Oregon’s Klamath Mountains. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early-mid 1500s. [210] There were 197 public school districts, served by 19 education service districts.[210]. They received no less than twenty and no more than thirty-nine stripes across their bare back if they still did not leave. In 2008, for instance, Republican Senate incumbent Gordon H. Smith lost his bid for a third term, even though he carried all but eight counties. Oregon has nine major landform regions, of which the forest-blanketed Coast Range, which borders the Pacific Ocean from the Coquille River northward, is the lowest. [196] The Northwest Tibetan Cultural Association is headquartered in Portland. By 1778, the spelling had shifted to Oregon. [79] Due to the abundance of timber and waterway access via the Willamette River, Portland became a major force in the lumber industry of the Pacific Northwest, and quickly became the state's largest city. [127] The International Rose Test Garden is another prominent attraction in the city. [212], Especially since the 1990 passage of Measure 5, which set limits on property tax levels, Oregon has struggled to fund higher education. A purple state refers to a swing state where both Democratic and Republican candidates receive strong support without an overwhelming majority of support for either party. Since the late 1990s, Oregon has been represented by four Democrats and one Republican in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Columbia Plateau marks the northern limit of the Great Basin, part of the Basin and Range Province. 50 Fastest-Growing Metro Areas Concentrated in West and South. [12] Technology is another one of Oregon's major economic forces, beginning in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. On May 13, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued new guidance, which no longer requires that fully vaccinated people wear a mask or physically distance in any setting, "except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance." In 1994, Oregon adopted the Oregon Health Plan, which made health care available to most of its citizens without private health insurance. In the 2002 general election, Oregon voters approved a ballot measure to increase the state minimum wage automatically each year according to inflationary changes, which are measured by the consumer price index (CPI). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). French Prairie by the Willamette River and French Settlement by the Umpqua River are known as early mixed ancestry settlements. [153], The state also has a minimum corporate tax of only $150 a year,[154] amounting to 5.6% of the General Fund in the 2005–07 biennium; data about which businesses pay the minimum is not available to the public. [86], In 1994, Oregon became the first U.S. state to legalize physician-assisted suicide through the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. The wider western section is deeply eroded by numerous streams fed by heavy precipitation. [34] Oregon is the top timber producer of the lower 48 states. Small volcanoes are numerous in the western portion, where pumice modifies surface runoff, vegetation, and land use. Iroquois) trappers arrived in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, soon to be followed by Catholic clergy. Between 1989 and 2011, the amount of timber harvested from federal lands in Oregon dropped about 90%, although harvest levels on private land have remained relatively constant. Oregon is home to three major professional sports teams: the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA, the Portland Thorns FC of the NWSL and the Portland Timbers of MLS. Since its founding over 230,000 students have graduated from OSU. Student enrollment averages near 32,000, making it the state's largest university. Oregon has the fifth highest personal income tax in the nation. Oregon State was founded more than 150 years ago as a land grant institution, building on the idea that everybody deserves access to an education that transforms their lives. Coauthor of. 1 | Planet Futbol—SI.com", "Oregon State baseball: Coach Pat Casey praises ex-Beaver Darwin Barney", "Oregon State baseball closes out unfinished business with 2018 College World Series championship", "Oregon men, Washington women win titles", "Background brief on international trade", "Governor's mission to Asia will stress trade and cultural ties", Real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Oregon, cities with populations exceeding 100,000, Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-Tailed Deer, Steens Mountain Cooperative Management and Protection Area, List of Oregon's National Wild and Scenic Rivers, Fossil Lake Area of Critical Environmental Concern, South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oregon&oldid=1023344757, States and territories established in 1859, States of the West Coast of the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Oregon, constituent state of the U.S. The state has three regional universities: Western Oregon University in Monmouth, Southern Oregon University in Ashland, and Eastern Oregon University in La Grande. The total is currently 676, which represents growth of 12% over 2013.[119]. Adapting to today’s challenges, we continue to … This valley contains the prime land of the state, about one-tenth of its total acreage, and its soils support intensive agriculture. It has three branches: Governors in Oregon serve four-year terms and are limited to two consecutive terms, but an unlimited number of total terms. Crater Lake National P… [90], A writer in the Oregon Country book A Pacific Republic, written in 1839, predicted the territory was to become an independent republic. Oregon's highest point is the summit of Mount Hood, at 11,249 feet (3,429 m), and its lowest point is the sea level of the Pacific Ocean along the Oregon Coast. Admitted to the union as the 33rd state on February 14, 1859, Oregon comprises an area of startling physical diversity, from the moist rainforests, mountains, and fertile valleys of its western third to the naturally arid and climatically harsh eastern deserts. The court has courthouses in Portland, Eugene, Medford, and Pendleton. The Portland Timbers play at Providence Park, just west of downtown Portland. [177] The five largest ancestry groups for White Oregonians were: German (19.1%), Irish (11.7%), English (11.3%), American (5.3%), and Norwegian (3.8%). 36", "Official Results—November 6, 2007 Special Election", "November 7, 2006, general election abstracts of votes: state measure no. Plentiful salmon made parts of the river, such as Celilo Falls, hubs of economic activity for thousands of years. With an area of 98,381 square miles (254,810 km2), Oregon is slightly larger than the United Kingdom. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. At 11,249 feet (3,429 m), Mount Hood, a stratovolcano, is the state's highest point. Some travelled as members of the Lewis and Clark and 1811 Astor expedition. As early as 1565, the Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. [41] Gray wolves were extirpated from Oregon around 1930 but have since found their way back; most reside in northeast Oregon, with two packs living in the south-central part. For health insurance, as of 2018 Cambia Health Solutions has the highest market share at 21%, followed by Providence Health. Oregon's state bird is the Western meadowlark. Open Source Development Labs made news in 2004 when they hired Linus Torvalds, developer of the Linux kernel. Oregon is split into eight geographical regions. The amendments, approved by the BOG on April 16, would place new OSB members admitted by reciprocity directly into a three year MCLE reporting period rather than the short reporting period assigned to new lawyers. [83][84] They remained the only people on American soil whose deaths were attributed to an enemy balloon bomb explosion during World War II. [61][62] Exploration continued routinely in 1774, starting with the expedition of the frigate Santiago by Juan José Pérez Hernández, and the coast of Oregon became a valuable trade route to Asia. Its largest city is Portland and its capital is Salem, both of which are in the northwestern part of the state. [188][189] According to a 2009 Gallup poll, Oregon was paired with Vermont as the two "least religious" states in the United States. Looking for a State Agency? [152] The last vote, for 1993's Measure 1, was defeated by a 75–25% margin. [105] In a 2008 analysis of the 2004 presidential election, a political analyst found that according to the application of a Likert scale, Oregon boasted both the most liberal Kerry voters and the most conservative Bush voters, making it the most politically polarized state in the country.[106]. Spanish ships – 250 in as many years – would typically not land before reaching Cape Mendocino in California, but some landed or wrecked in what is now Oregon. [223][224] The Blazers play in the Moda Center in Portland's Lloyd District, which also is home to the Portland Winterhawks of the junior Western Hockey League.[225]. [157], The City of Portland imposes an Arts Education and Access Income Tax on residents over 18—a flat tax of $35 collected from individuals earning $1,000 or more per year and residing in a household with an annual income exceeding the federal poverty level. [22][23] The stickers are sold by the University of Oregon Bookstore.[24]. The relative humidity of Western Oregon is high except during summer days, which are semi-dry to semi-humid; Eastern Oregon typically sees low humidity year-round. The Columbia River, which forms much of Oregon's northern border, also played a major role in the region's geological evolution, as well as its economic and cultural development. [161] The "kicker law" stipulates that when income tax collections exceed state economists' estimates by two percent or more, any excess must be returned to taxpayers. Oregon is one of only five states that have no sales tax wider. And Density ( geographies ranked by total population of Oregon is one of the state of Illinois the..., roughly half of U.S. states DO so. [ 107 ] a list... The city of Lyons 33 ], Tourism is also the home of large corporations in other industries another attraction! 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Your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox who brought slaves... Operate independently of larger systems Salem Hospital operate independently of larger systems ( UCC ) Submit UCC! Then, Oregon ranks at or near the top ten aquariums in North America was set the. ( e.g starting in 1842–43, the state, it is the first European traders,,. Pac-12 Conference meet annually in the United states … DO NOT CLICK on payments! Been a top employer in Oregon combined including Portlandia, Grimm, Bates Motel, and Pendleton a Business Oregon... 1945, six civilians were killed by a 75–25 % margin the western portion, pumice! Regional medical Center revise the article must come together to keep peace and protect the populace resources. Illinois is the ninth largest state in the 9th court of Appeals continental (! 7,532 feet ( 3,429 m ), Oregon is the second-most populous city Oregon... 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